Tuesday, December 24, 2019
Successes Of The Third Crusade - 1339 Words
Successes of the Third Crusade Bryce Murzyn Mrs. Carrol MYP World History Period 1 4/23/17 Word Count: 1108 Table of contents Page Identification and Evaluation of Sources . . . . . . . . 1 Investigation . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . 3 End Notes . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Identification and Evaluation of Sources This investigation attempts to answer the question, what were the successes of the Third Crusade? The question is relevant or important because it focusses on the next unit and involves religious conflicts. The subtopic that will be addressed are Islamic influences on this Crusade.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The origin of this source is also a book, Warriors of Christendom, published in the UK by John Matthews and Bob Stewart in 1988. The purpose of this book is informational only and is about the leaders of that time. The value of this book is that it provides information on the major leader King Richard as well as his role in the Third Crusade. This book has all its sections accompanied by a bibliography but does not use the format of in text citations. It does have a balanced view on the topic and talks about the strengths and weaknesses of King Richard. The limitation of this book would be that it is a little bit dated but not long enough for it to affect the information. 1 Investigation The third crusade started in 1189 and its main goal was to recapture the Holy land. Its successes, both Christian and Muslim, are still reviewed to this day. The crusade consisted of three major monarchs: Emperor Barbarossa of the Holy Roman empire, King Richard of England, and King Philip of France. They all had one common goal and it was to set out and recapture the Holy land from Saladin. This crusade began in 1189 and would last for three years. With the Muslims, under the leadership of Saladin, recently taking control of Jerusalem from the Christians in 1187, they now owned a region that many wanted. Although Saladin did successfully protect Jerusalem from invaders, the Christian attackers were successful inShow MoreRelatedThe Crusades Were A Series Of Sacred Wars1645 Words à |à 7 PagesJamie K. Okoli Western Tradition 11/20/16 The Crusades were a series of sacred wars pronounced by popes with the guarantee of indulgences for the individuals who battled in them and coordinated against outside and inward foes of Christendom for the recuperation of Christian property or with regards to the Church or Christian individuals. Crusades were described as the taking of promises and the conceding of indulgences to the individuals who partook in it. Similar to going on pilgrimages, whichRead MoreWere the Crusades Successful?1472 Words à |à 6 PagesWere the Crusades Successful? Throughout the entirety of the Crusades, there were a multitude of goals that each combatant from the Christian, Muslim, and Judaism were trying to achieve. There is a lurking question, and that is: were the Crusades a success for anyone? Some historians will lecture that the Crusades were an overall success, some believe that they were only partially successful in conveying theyââ¬â¢re overall message. Then thereââ¬â¢s the historians that will lecture that the Crusades were aRead MoreCommentary on The Poem of the Cid Essay1239 Words à |à 5 PagesCommentary on The Poem of the Cid Poetry played a vital role in the dissemination of information during the Crusade period. It provided a compact, easily memorized way of spreading news in a time bereft of the benefit of mass printing. According to Michael Routledge, who penned a chapter on Crusade songs and poetry in The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades, poetry was not only a way of recording and spreading news of current events, but also served to record and extoll the virtuesRead MoreThe Punic War1028 Words à |à 4 Pagesbetween Rome and Carthage. The Romans felt that the Carthaginians were an imminent danger to their empire, so they thought quickly to destroy them. Throughout the Punic Wars, the Roman army faced very tough military forces, including Hannibal. In the third and last Punic War, the Romans proved themselves tougher than the Carthaginians, and pillaged through Carthage, killing innocent people and burning Carthage to the ground (Nardo, 36). The Romans taking Carthage off of the map show s their determinationRead MoreAl Islam : A Major Economic And Cultural Center1220 Words à |à 5 Pageswar between France and England that lasted from the middle of the fourteenth century to the middle of the fifteenth..It lasted from 1337-1453 o it might more accurately be called the 116 Years War. The war starts off with several stunning successes on Britain s part, and the English forces dominate France for decades. Then, the struggle see-saws back and forth. In the 1360s, the French are winning. From 1415-1422, the English are winning. After 1415, King Henry V of England revives the campaignRead MoreGerman Left Wing Terrorists866 Words à |à 4 Pagesconcrete events lead the country down a path where a necessary political student movement transpired and very quickly turned the student group into a terrorist organization. Specifically, the attacks in May of 1972 launched the Red Army Factions crusade against the government and the public. Just like the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, by Bosnian Serb nationalists sparked World War I, the killing of a teenager, Benno Ohnesorg, by German police sparked a radicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Saladin And The Treaty Of Ramla 2301 Words à | à 10 Pagesof the most influential figures in crusading history. In 1187 when his victory at the Battle of Hattin showed how far he had unified the Islamic response to the crusaders and this is why when he captured Jerusalem the Franksââ¬â¢ efforts during the Third Crusade were futile due to Saladinââ¬â¢s power. He was generous by nature according to many with Philips stating ââ¬Å"Crusaders praised him for his generosityâ⬠and the Treaty of Ramla shows how he could be generous, but also how he used situations to his advantageRead MoreThe Battle Between Christianity And Islam2703 Words à |à 11 Pagessequence of religious wars which we know as the Crusades. Although the series of holy wars against Islam is typically portrayed as the fault of overzealous popes and belligerent kings; the truth behind the clash between Christianity and Islam is far more elaborate. The direct repercussions following two centuries of prolonged warfare afflicted Christendom with the loss of several millions of lives and immense financial expenditure. On the contrary, the Crusades stimulated the fundamental expansion and theRead MoreNotes on Medieval Europe and Japan Essay2169 Words à |à 9 Pagespositions in medieval society tied to the fate of men? â⬠¢ A single womanââ¬â¢s position was tied to her fatherââ¬â¢s; a married womanââ¬â¢s position was tied to her husbandââ¬â¢s. 7. How did the importance of knights change over time â⬠¢ longer Crusades and foreign wars required extended terms of service â⬠¢ by end of Middle Ages, bulk of military consisted of mercenary soldiers, or warriors for hire, with minority of knights now an officer class. 8. What role did the Church play in maintainingRead MoreHr 3364 Case Study1028 Words à |à 5 Pagespunish Russia for its ongoing crusade in meddling in democratic processes/elections, while still maintaining support for U.S. allies around the globe. In order to combat Russian hostilities against the U.S. and its allies, U.S. foreign policy should first, place an emphasis on fiscal penalties over militaristic punishment, while still maintaining strong alliances in NATO; second, promote multilateral cooperation on past, present, and future economic sanctions; and third, balance punitive measures with
Monday, December 16, 2019
The Hunger Games-Lessons Learned Free Essays
The Hunger Games was about the importance of keeping your identity when you are fighting for your life. This theme made me question myself on what I would do under the same circumstances. Wicked I fight for my life given the situation? Wicked I do whatever it takes to stay alive even if it meant committing murder? Wicked I be able to keep my self-worth and morals during this, or would I Just lose myself along the way? PETA Mallard and Catkins Evergreen both had to make these hard-hitting decisions hen they were forced to compete in the reality TV show The Hunger Games, where there is only one rule: kill or be killed. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hunger Games-Lessons Learned or any similar topic only for you Order Now PETA and Catkins are both from District 12 where they are exposed to starvation, war, violence and poverty. Panel is divided up into 12 districts where they are ruled under the Capitol. The Capitol is where all of the powerful and wealthy live, enforcing harsh laws to the 12 districts. Because of this society, they have been conditioned to know that no matter what you are doing you still need to maintain your pride. PETA however, is different. Past competitors have done anything in their power to stay alive, but PETA believes that when he dies he shall still have his dignity with him. ââ¬Å"l could think of a way to show the Capitol they donââ¬â¢t own me. That Iââ¬â¢m more than Just a piece in their games. â⬠This quote by PETA shows that while others around him will do anything to survive, he will still think straight and die as himself. Throughout the book, Catkins is constantly struggling to find herself. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m not really sure who I am, what my identity is. This idea scares me some. â⬠Catkins doesnââ¬â¢t get attached to people easily, she is hot tempered, feisty and independent. The result of Catkinsââ¬â¢ quest to find herself, was her recognizing her hatred for the Capitol. When her ally Rue was killed, she covered her body in flowers and sung to her. This was considered an act of rebellion, because although she was doing what she thought was right, she was only going against the Capitolââ¬â¢s ways. Also, at the end of the games, PETA and Catkins refused to kill each other by faking a bubble suicide attempt. They both wanted to live and die as themselves and preserved their dignity, even when others cracked under the pressure. In The Hunger Games, Catkins and PETA stood up for what they believed in. Instead of Just acknowledging the injustice they were faced with, they started a rebellion by doing what they thought was the correct thing. This book taught me to stay true to who you are no matter how drastic the situation, and to fight for my values and morals. How to cite The Hunger Games-Lessons Learned, Papers
Sunday, December 8, 2019
Law and Business Partnership Free Samples â⬠MyAssignmenthelp.com
Question: Whether there exist a partnership amid Steve, Joe and Mike? Answer: Applicable law When people want to operate their business then there are various kinds of business structures that are available. The same are sole trader ship, partnership and a company. When the business is carried out by an individual without the involvement of any other person and he is the sole controller of the business then it is a sole trader ship. When the business is carried out by registering the business as per the guidelines of the revenant statutory legislation, then, a company is formed which has the separate legal entity in the eyes of law. (KLManagement, 2017) There is yet another kind of business entity that can be established by the people in order to run their business and is called partnership. A partnership is such kind of business structure which is framed when there are two or more than two persons (maximum number of persons to establish a partnership are twenty) who intends to carry out business in a continuous manner with a common intention and with the sole object to earn profits and share profits. A partnership is a business which runs on the principle of agency and where the partners are considered to be the agents of the firm. Thelaw of agency signifies that the partners are the representators of each other and the firm and vice versa. Thus, the acts of the partners are enough to bind all the other partners and the firm, provided, the acts which are undertaken by the partners are within their authority (TheLaw Teacher, 2017). In Alagappa Chettiar v Coliseum Caf [1962] it was held that a partnership firm does not have a separate legal existence like a company and thus the acts of the partners or the firm will bind the other partners for the acts which are carried on within the authority of the partners. (LawNotes, 2010) Thus, in order to consider any relationship into a partnership the main essential ingredients that are required are submitted herein under: Number of persons A single person cannot operate a business in the form of partnership. Thus, in order to establish a business structure in the form of a partnership the minimum numbers of person that are required are two and the maximum number of persons who can frame a partnership are twenty. Only two or more than two persons must be required in order to operate the business in the form of partnership. No single person make a partnership. it was held in Soh Hood Beng v Khoo Chye Neo (1897) that an organization with more than twenty persons cannot be termed as a partnership organization. Preparation of partnership business is not an act of partnership and is held in Spicer (Keith) Ltd v Mansell [1970]. The court submitted that it is necessary that there must be carrying of business in order to constitute a partnership. mere preparation will not makes the transaction as an act of partnership. Business of continuous nature - When the partnership needs to be established then it is necessary that all the partners must have establish the partnership for a business structure which must be of continuous nature and is held in Smith v Anderson (1880). By continuous nature does not means that the business must be for a prolonged period of time. It is held in Re Griffin; Ex parte Board of Trade (1890) that a partnership must be established for single transition, however, it is necessary that there must be continuity of the acts and the transaction must be accomplished. In the leading case of Canny Gabriel Castle Jackson Advertising Pty Ltd v Volume Sales (Finance) Pty Ltd (1974) the partnership is established amid the partners for the accomplishment of a single transaction and the court held that the relationship is of continuous nature and thus there is presence of partnership amid the people. Common intention When the business is carried out then in order to consider the same as a partnership it is necessary that the all persons or partners must have common intention to carry out the tasks in the form of partnership. Common intention signifies that all the persons intend to abide by the acts or omissions jointly and severally of all the partners. All the partners must be carrying out the business activity with the main intent to be acting like partners. Thus, presence of common intention is very significant in order to consider any relationship as a partnership and is held in Lang v James Morrison Co Ltd (1912). Main aim to earn profits It is necessary that in order to consider any relationship as a partnership relationship it is necessary that the partner must intend to share the profits or the losses either equally or as per the ratio that is mutually decided by the parties. Sharing of profits and the losses is very important in order to consider any business establishment as partnership and is rightly held in Smith in Mollowo, March Co v Court of Wards (1872). Once all the elements are comply with then the business structure is considered to be partnership and the persons who are associated with such business structure are considered to be the partners of each other and thus share the relationship of an agency. All the partners are liable for the acts of each other and the acts of the firm and vice versa. Thelaw is now plied to the facts of the case. Application of law As per the facts, Steve in October 2014 has bought a horse Lighting Spirit from the breeder for RM3000,000 and the horse showed great strength. The horse was only 6 months old. But, Steve is in need of more funds in order to breed the horse and to train him. Steve met Joe and Mike and told them that he is in need of funds and how strong the horse is and how much potential the horse has. Joe and Mike are found to be interested in the venture of Steve. The main terms that are decided amid Steve, Joe and Mike are: Both Joe and Mike would each pay RM 200,000 as 1/3rd share in the Lighting spirit; Steve would train the horse and will not take any compensation for the same; The training will be provided on the farm of Joe without any charge; Mike will look for jockeys; All issues will be deiced by majority; Price money will be used to pay for the expenses. In 2016, the shores will be sold and the profits will be shared equally. All the conditions are settled amid the parties orally. In 2016, the horse is sold for RM2.4 million and the profits are shared. It is submitted that all the three, Steve, Mike and Joe are in the relationship of a partnership mainly because: The relationship is amid three persons, that is, Joe , Mike and Steve and thus they are more than two persons and thus they comply with the first requirement of partnership; There all are not at the preparation stage of partnership, rather, all the three has indulged themselves in the acts of the business of the partnership, for instance, Steve had given training to the horse, Joe has provided his farm and Mike has arranged for the jockey and all the tasks are duly performed by all the three; The acts that are undertaken by Joe, Mike and Steve though is the part of the single transaction, however, it is considered to be an act of a continues nature and thus comply with the continues requirement of the partnership. continuity of the business is not always essential to establish a partnership and is rightly held in Canny Gabriel Castle Jackson Advertising Pty Ltd v Volume Sales (Finance) Pty Ltd (1974); All the three persons, that is, Joe, Mike and Steve, have common intention to pursue the transaction they are indulged int. The main intention of all the three persons is to train the horse and to gain maximum out of the same after selling it at the end of 2016. The intention is static and common in order to pursue one common objective of haring profits; All the three Steve, Joe and Mike has ultimately shared the profits that they have gained after selling the horse in 2016 end. Thus, one the most essential criteria of partnership, is to carry out transaction with the aim ;to earn profits and share losses is met by Steve, Mike and Joe. Thus, all the elements that are required in order to comply to establish a partnership is met by Steve, Mike, and Joe. It does nit make any difference that Steve has not disclosed the true investment made by him while purchasing the horse. Steve has spend RM 3000,000 where as he disclosed that the horse is purchased by him of RM 6000,000 as both Joe and Mike has contributed RM 2000,000 each as the cost of horse (1/3rd as part of their share). The disclosure is not relevant as the same was not part of the partnership and is an act that is taken by Steve before the establishment of the partnership amid the tree. Conclusion Thus, it is concluded that there exits a partnership amid Steve, Joe and Mike as all the elements that are required to establish a partnership amid them exits. Thus, there is presence of partnership relationship amid all the three as they have entered into a single transaction of continuous nature with the main aim to earn profits. References Case laws Alagappa Chettiar v Coliseum Caf [1962] MLJ 111. Canny Gabriel Castle Jackson Advertising Pty Ltd v Volume Sales (Finance) Pty Ltd (1974) 131 CLR 321 Lang v James Morrison Co Ltd (1912) 13 CLR 1. Re Griffin; Ex parte Board of Trade (1890) 60 LJQB 235 Spicer (Keith) Ltd v Mansell [1970] 1 All ER 462 Soh Hood Beng v Khoo Chye Neo (1897) 4 SSLR 115. Smith v Anderson (1880) 15 Ch D 247 Smith in Mollowo, March Co v Court of Wards (1872) LR 4 PC 419 Online Material KLManagement (2017) Type of Business entities in Malaysis (online). Available at: https://www.klmanagement.com.my/blog/type-of-business-entities-in-malaysia/. (Accessed on 22nd October 2017). LawNotes (2010) partnership (online). Available at: https://graguraman1.blogspot.in/2010/07/partnership-law-346.html. (Accessed on 22nd October 2017). The Law Teacher (2017) Partnerships One Of More Common Modes Of Business Operation In Malaysia (online). Available at: https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/company-law/partnerships-one-of-more-common-modes-of-business-operation-in-malaysia-company-law-essay.php. (Accessed on 22nd October 2017).
Saturday, November 30, 2019
Nathaniel Christian O. Tan Essays - , Term Papers
Nathaniel Christian O. Tan Mr. Ben Josephson Grade 10 English March 26, 2017 Ode to a Skylark: Commentary on the First Five Stanzas In "To a Skylark," Percy Shelley praises a skylark by treating it as if it was a spirit. By doing this, Shelley opens a new world of imagery that would only be usable by combining the two elements of a skylark and a spirit. Doing so also helps set an atmosphere that fits with the somewhat surreal and beautiful imagery. In addition to this, multiple other literary devices are utilized throughout the poem. However t he use of i magery, comparison, and structure are all especially prevalent in the first 5 stanzas of the poem. Shelley describes the skylark as a "blithe Spirit," painting an image of a bird that is free to soar the skies ; this emphasis on freedom is the basis for a lot of the imagery in the poem and helps illustrate the skylark further . This is reflected in the second stanza when he says the skylark " springest " from earth "higher and higher," as if there were no limitations to the skylark's flight. This is further expanded upon directly by associating the skylark with heaven, saying that the Skylark is singing "from Heaven, or near it." In other words, the skylark is even free to fly up to the gates of heaven, ignoring the limitations of our sky and quite possibly, even our imagination. Another subject that is prevalent via imagery is the changing of the skies. The skylark is perceived from multiple skies ranging from "sunken sun(s)" to "pale purple even( ings )," this establishes a sort of permanence and activity from the skylark. Furthermore, the "sunken sun" is al so described with "golden lightning" while the moon is described as a "silver sphere" with "arrows." In addition to painting the scenery, this also leads to an important topic within the subject of comparison . There is a clear contrast between the activities of the skylark during the day and during the night, this is hinted at throughout the poem and is the core principle behind the contrasts found throughout the poem . Firstly, the sun is described with "golden lightning," a piece of imagery that can only be viewed in the aspect of color as there is no literal golden lightning around the sunset. In contrast, the moon is sharply described as a "silver sphere" with "arrows," its use of imagery is more literal as the rays of the moon could really be the arrows of the moon in a sense. The imagery around the moon requires no reliance in color , this reflects how the presence of the skylark is more obvious within the night than within the day. This is reaffirmed in the similarities between the skylark and its depiction as something "Like a star of Heaven, / In the broad day-light." With heaven referring to the freedom of the skylark's operation, the star in broad da ylight references how the presence of stars are not easily discerned within the day while they are relatively easy to spot at night. These comparisons with rather humongous figures further allude to the skylark's power and majesty as a spirit. The size of "To a Skylark" is big when compared to other poems , this quality of scale along with other structural aspects further develop the depiction of the skylark and its relations . This poem is composed of 21 stanzas and utilizes a Quintain pattern. The structure this creates is reminiscent of the "profuse strains of unpremeditated art" described in the first stanza. This also likens the skylark to Shelley as, much like how the skylark creates "art" via chirping, Shelley is also capable of creating art in a similar manner as the skylark (a prime example would be the structure of this poem). Another effect of the structure is the distribution of words per stanza. The first 4 lines of the poem is short while the final line is bigger. This can be interpreted as Shelley's view of the skylark, he is set on the long last line while the skylark transcends him. It attests to how the skylark is
Tuesday, November 26, 2019
Age of innocence close reading essays
Age of innocence close reading essays Hypothesis: Scorceses selection of artwork serves to not only act as a separate narrative that mirrors the development of the themes and characters but also, in some instances, actually foreshadows the fate of the characters. As a Martin Scorsese film, The Age of Innocence, stands apart from the mobster movies typically associated with this acclaimed director. Scorsese uses deliberate camera techniques and subtle mise-en-scene to tell the story visually. These elements all working together assist in the development of the narrative as well as the characters, themes, and ideas, particularly his use of artwork that not only assists the narrative, but occasionally forshadows the fate of the characters. This use of artwork can be found in the extract which involves some of the first scenes of this film. It takes place at the Beauforts ball as the camera tracks Newland Archer through the various drawing rooms pausing occasionally to notice various works of art. The camera movement of this scene is crucial to unlocking the meaning behind the artwork of the Beauforts home. The camera glides to the non-diegetic classical music following Archer from room to room. The camera movement pulls the audience in making them feel like another guest at the party. The perpetual motion of the camera is only broken in a few key areas, pausing and focusing on various pieces of art. By slowing down the camera and pausing, Scorsese is telling the audience to pay close attention to what is in that particular frame before being swept away again with Archer. The first painting the camera stops to admire is a disturbing scene that foreshadows Archers impending emotional death. The colors in the piece, like the film, are very bleak except for Ellen who is represented in the painting by the lady dressed in red. The lady in red is kneeling next to a man dressed in white who moments before was slain in a sword fight. It is logical to ...
Friday, November 22, 2019
How To Create A Compelling Five Paragraph Essay
How To Create A Compelling Five Paragraph Essay How To Create A Compelling Five Paragraph Essay Essays have become increasingly common in a students mandatory curriculum. A student will encounter essays in most classes, but especially in the social sciences. Essays are also essential in the college application process. Basically essays will be a part of student life in your college career. It is important to know the steps to write a basic 5 paragraph essay. This is important when you are taking a timed essay test. Having the knowledge of how to outline will a lot for more time to create the body of the essay. Step one: The first step in creating an effective 5 paragraph essay is to make a compelling opening statement that will grab the readers attention. Avoid just making an intent statement. It would be more interesting to begin your essay with an interesting fact or an attention-grabbing statement. Step two: The second part of your five paragraph essay should be an explanation of your opening statement. This is where you would explain any details about the beginning of your essay. This will be the step that will transition to the thesis of your essay. It is important to have good flow in developing your essay. To have the proper flow, you need to be able to build to naturally flowing into the thesis statement. Step three: The third step in building a quality 5 paragraph essay is to make a clear. And to create an attention-grabbing thesis statement. The thesis statement is a sentence that will declare the purpose of the essay and enlightens the reader as to the particular topic being addressed. The thesis sentence will make your point of view clear to the reader. Be sure that your thesis sentence is direct and explain the topic at hand completely Step four: The fourth element of a five paragraph essay is the body. This is where the majority of your information will be presented to the reader. The information in the body will revolve around your thesis statement. The body of the essay will express evidence to support your thesis statement. This part of the essay should be approximately three paragraphs in length if you are indeed writing a five paragraph essay. Each paragraph should state a fact that reflects your thesis. When you transition from one paragraph to another use words to link them together such as furthermore, as a result, moreover, in fact, etc. Step five: The fifth and final part of your essay is the conclusion. This is the part of the essay that will summarize the facts stated in the essay and will restate the thesis, and its highlights within the essay. This part of the five paragraph essay will revisit the important details in your writing and wrap it up.
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Advanced Practice in Community Health Nursing Essay
Advanced Practice in Community Health Nursing - Essay Example This paper shall analyze the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination program being implemented in Singapore in response to the increase of cervical cancer cases. The proposed response to the selected health issue shall then be considered. Finally a proposed action plan to establish the current response to the selected issue close to the ideal best practice response shall be presented. Body Cervical cancer is considered the seventh most popular form of cancer among women in Singapore (National Registry of Diseases, 2008). All of these cases of cervical cancer have been attributed to the Human Papilloma Virus; this virus has also been associated with the development of tumour growths in the vulva, vagina, anus, and the penis. It has also been associated to genital warts (Obstetrical & Gynaecological Society of Singapore, 2011). There are two types of HPV vaccines being used in Singapore, namely, the Gardasil and the Cervarix. Gardasil is used for females aged 9 to 26 years and Cervarix is used for females aged 10 to 25 years (Obstetrical & Gynaecological Society of Singapore, 2011). With these numbers, the importance of setting up a health program to reduce these cases has been considered vital for the global community, and certainly for Singapore. Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination in Singapore Merck was the first who was able to gain approval from the US Food and Drug Administration in the distribution of Gardasil, its first HPV vaccine (Parry, 2007). Since then, it has been approved in other countries and is being distributed worldwide. GlaxoSmith followed Merckââ¬â¢s success by finally gaining approval for its HPV vaccine known as Cervarix. In the meantime, the World Health Organization has been active in its information dissemination about this vaccine and in establishing guidelines for the distribution and use of this vaccine. It has been tested in various parts of the globe, and so far, consistent results have been seen (Parry, 2007). The WHO has also pr ovided all countries seeking to utilize this vaccine with the guidance and technical notes in introducing these vaccines. The WHO acknowledges the importance of educating the governments and health professionals about the vaccine and the virus itself, its risks, and the possible preventive measures which they can apply in order to reduce its impact (Parry, 2007). The benefits of this vaccine have been apparent in relation to HPV 16/18 related pre-cancer lesions; their long-term benefits however have yet to be established. Nevertheless, both vaccines have proven to be generally safe and tolerated without any serious negative events observed (Obstetrical & Gynaecological Society of Singapore, 2011). Minor side-effects observed include pain, swelling, redness at the site of injection. In injections, these are common side-effects which are usually expected and pose no alarming risks and implications. In Singapore, the Ministry of Health is recommending HPV vaccination among females aged 9 and 26 years (Obstetrical & Gynaecological Society of Singapore, 2011). Ideally, it must be given to females who have never had sexual intercourse because it is a vaccine which does not provide protection against already existing HPV infections (Obstetrical & Gynaecological Society of Singapore, 2011). Sexually active women can also be vaccinated, but they must first undergo Papanicolaou Smear tests in order to rule out the presence of the virus or any other neoplastic growths. The efficacy of the HPV vaccine is also expected to be lower among sexually active
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